[WARNING: this contains
MAJOR spoilers]
Hello, my dear readers! I was seized by a sudden fit of
creative ardour [if you’ll forgive the flowery language], so here I am! As you
probably know already, The Glass Menagerie is one of my favourite plays, so I’m
here to explain, once and for all, why I love it so much. For further
reference, you can read the previous posts I’ve written, based on the
characters of The Glass Menagerie. I hope you enjoy reading this article!
As I’ve stated earlier as well, The Glass Menagerie is a
“memory play”, a play in which the lead character narrates the events of the
play, relying wholly on their memories [or, as I like to put it, the character
looks back at their past through an invisible screen]. The Glass Menagerie,
which premiered in 1944, was the play that lead to Tennessee Williams’ rise to
fame. It hasn’t been very long since I first read The Glass Menagerie—I read it
in December 2018—and I instantly fell in love with it. I, as an ardent admirer
of Williams’ work, can see why this play was his break-through—there’s
something incredibly magnetic about the Glass Menagerie. Aptly named, the play
is as fragile as glass itself, delicately, lovingly, carefully pieced together,
while still containing traces of brutal realism, leading to the climax of the
play. Characteristic of Williams’ plays, it contains characters who are unable
to accept the harsh reality they have found themselves in; they cannot move on
with their lives and have come to a standstill. You see the warning signs long
before the climax hits the audience: the Wingfields’ little world shatters
completely, just like Laura Wingfield’s precious, delicate little glass
unicorn.
In his famous opening narration, Tom Wingfield declares that
he is about to show the audience “truth in the pleasant guise of illusion”,
indicating that his view-point cannot entirely be relied on [he is one of the
most famous unreliable narrators of modern literature]. The Wingfields have
their own little “retreats”, especially Laura, an extremely non-social and
emotionally fragile girl who spends all her time polishing her quaint
collection of glass animals and playing her absent father’s old gramophone
records. Apart from this menagerie of glass animals, she is also associated
with blue roses; she is a creature of rare, other-worldly beauty, just like
those unique and eye-catching flowers. However, as seen in the play, her
beauty, while uncommon, is not permanent; it is fleeting.
There is barely anything “real” in the Wingfields’ lives;
the “gentleman caller”, Jim O’ Connor,
who only makes one [but very crucial] appearance in the play, is the only one
who has realistic views of life. It’s his coming that tears the Wingfields
apart; the signs were there since the beginning, as the little family was very
dysfunctional [due to the mother’s over-ambitious hopes, the son’s surliness,
and the daughter’s fragility], but the family openly falls apart at this
juncture. The most common interpretation of the title is, of course, a reference
to Laura’s glass animals, but the interpretation I most favour is: it’s
obviously not just Laura who has a fragile world—it’s Tom and Amanda, too.
Hence, the title refers to the three of them, it doesn’t just refer to
the pretty little menagerie; these three are very flawed [and rather relatable]
people—the people who inhabit Williams’ world. Tom is forced to work at a shoe
warehouse to support his family, but he is extremely dissatisfied with his lot
in life, and is an aspiring poet. To deal with his depression, he drinks
heavily and goes to the movies every night [or so he says]. Eventually, he is
fired for writing a poem on the lid of a shoebox, and leaves his mother and
sister to fend for themselves [he loves them, but has cracked under all the pressure.
I’m not exactly condoning his actions, but that’s just the thing—I have mixed
feelings about Tom]. Amanda, a faded Southern belle and a doting mother, is
trying her best to raise her children under harsh financial conditions; her
husband deserted her sixteen years ago. [I’ll come to the social background of
the play soon]. She loves her children deeply, and is more pragmatic than them,
but she demands too much, and she’s delusional and extremely emotionally
unstable.
She attempts to evade reality by slipping into her past as a
much-desired beauty; as expected, the play ends sadly for both her and her
daughter. It’s largely due to her incessant nagging that Tom eventually throws
in the towel and leaves her and Laura to look after themselves. In fact, Amanda
is a rather tragic figure—in spite of her many faults, one can’t help but
sympathise with her, especially at this stage. She tries to be strong and
cheerful for her children, but does she cry her heart out at night? I bet she
does. She shouldn’t have rushed into such a bad marriage. Due to her mental
state, she has often been compared to Blanche Dubois from “A Streetcar Named
Desire”, another of Williams’ plays; however, it must be noted that while
Blanche is actually psychotic, Amanda is merely in denial of her situation.
Now, let me elaborate on the social background—in his
opening narration, Tom gives the audience an insight into the harsh social
conditions of that time; he refers to the Spanish Civil War and the Great
Depression [which began in 1929]. Just try to imagine it: the Great Depression,
which came on the heels of the Wall Street Crash, was the world’s most severe
economic crisis; the USA was very badly hit and suffered greatly as a result.
Those of you who are aware of the complete extent to which the Great Depression
damaged USA’s economy will need no further explanation; Amanda was trying to
raise two grown children at a time when thousands of workers were laid off
without any unemployment benefit; several families were struggling to make ends
meet, the Wingfields being no exception.
The Glass Menagerie is perhaps Williams’ most
autobiographical play, making it that much more impactful and graphic. Williams
[whose real name was Thomas] closely based Tom on himself; Amanda is based on his
mother. His mentally fragile older sister, Rose, is the inspiration for Laura;
however, it has been suggested by some critics [and I must say I agree] that
Laura also resembles Williams himself, representing his deeply introverted
nature and obsession with just one aspect of life [glass animals for Laura and
writing for Williams—though he frequently suffered from “writer’s block”].
These personal emotions make the play that much more
special, and whenever I write about The Glass Menagerie, I feel like I’m at my
creative peak. It’s a play only a few people these days would
appreciate—honestly, had I been a little younger, it wouldn’t have been to my
taste either. Williams was a genius, no doubt, but a saddened, bruised, scarred
genius—and it shows in his writing. He had the saddest strains of music in his
soul. I’m a major fan of tragedies
[which, I’m certain, says a lot about me], but I do enjoy happy stuff too, so
while this little masterpiece is my favourite piece of modern literature,
Williams isn’t my favourite playwright. Give me someone a little more
diverse—like Shakespeare or Brian Friel.
This article has been written straight out of my heart, and
it was a spur-of-the moment thing, so… I hope you liked it! I’ve done my best
to keep it straightforward, and I hope I’ve done this beauty justice! Thank you
for reading!
I’d just like to say:
This play’s imperfection is beautiful.
See ya!